CONVENTION
BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK
FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION
AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION
WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME The Government of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand, Desiring to conclude a new Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, Have agreed as follows: ARTICLE 1
PERSONAL SCOPE This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States. ARTICLE 2
Taxes Covered 1. This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied. 2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, as well as taxes on capital appreciation. 3. The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are in particular: (a) In the case of Denmark: (i) the income tax to the State (indkomstskatten til staten); (ii) the income tax to the municipalities (den kommunale indkomstskat); (iii) the income tax to the county municipalities (den amtskommunale indkomstskat); (iv) taxes imposed under the Hydrocarbon Tax Act (skatter i henhold til kulbrinteskatteloven): (hereinafter referred to as "Danish tax"). (b) In the case of Thailand: (i) the income tax; (ii) the petroleum income tax. (hereinafter referred to as "Thai tax"). 4. The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws. ARTICLE 3
General Definitions 1. For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean Denmark or Thailand, as the context requires; (b) the term "Denmark" means the Kingdom of Denmark including any area outside the territorial sea of Denmark which in accordance with international law has been or may hereafter be designated under Danish laws as an area within which Denmark may exercise sovereign rights with respect to the exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the sea·bed or its subsoil and the superjacent waters and with respect to other activities for the exploration and economic exploitation of the area; the term does not comprise the Faeroe Islands and Greenland; (c) the term "Thailand" means the Kingdom of Thailand and includes any area adjacent to the territorial waters of the Kingdom of Thailand which by Thai legislation, and in accordance with the international law, has been or may hereafter be designated as an area within which the rights of the Kingdom of Thailand with respect to the sea·bed or its subsoil and the superjacent waters and their natural resources may be exercised; (d) the term "person" includes an individual, a company, any other body of persons and any entity taxable under the taxation laws in force in either Contracting State; (e) the term "company" means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes; (f) the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State; (g) the term ''international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State; (h) the term "competent authority" means: (i) in Denmark: the Minister for Taxation or his authorized representative; (ii) in Thailand: The Minister of Finance or his authorized representative; (i) the term "tax" means Danish tax or Thai tax as the context requires; (j) the term "national" means: (i) any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State; (ii) any legal person, partnership, or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State. 2. As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the tax to which the Convention applies. ARTICLE 4
Resident 1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, place of incorporation or any other criterion of a similar nature. But this term does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State. 2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows: (a) he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests); (b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual abode; (c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State of which he is a national; (d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement. 3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to settle the question by mutual agreement and determine the mode of application of the Convention to such person. In the absence of such agreement, for the purposes of the Convention, the person shall in each Contracting State be deemed not to be a resident of the other Contracting State. ARTICLE 5
Permanent Establishment 1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on. 2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially: (a) a place of management; (b) a branch; (c) an office; (d) a factory; (e) a workshop; (f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources; (g) a farm or plantation; (h) a warehouse, in relation to a person providing storage facilities for others; (i) a building site, a construction, installation or assembly project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, where such site, project or activities continue for a period or periods aggregating more than 6 months; (j) the furnishing of services including consultancy services by a resident of one of the Contracting States through employees or other personnel, where activities of that nature continue for the same or a connected project within the other Contracting State for a period or periods aggregating more than 6 months within any twelve·month period. 3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include: (a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage or display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise; (b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage or display or delivery; (c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise; (d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise, or of collecting information, for the enterprise; (e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, for the supply of information, for scientific research or for similar activities which have a preparatory or auxiliary character, for the enterprise; (f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned insub·paragraphs (a) to (e) provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character. 4. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person · other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 5 applies · is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of the enterprise of the other Contracting State, the enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first·mentioned Contracting State if such a person: (a) has and habitually exercises in the first·mentioned State an authority to conclude contracts on behalf of the enterprise, unless his activities are limited to the purchase of goods or merchandise for the enterprise; (b) has no such authority, but habitually maintains in the first·mentioned State a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise from which he regularly fills orders or makes deliveries on behalf of the enterprise; or (c) has no such authority, but habitually secures orders in the first·mentioned State wholly or almost wholly for the enterprise or for the enterprise and other enterprises which are controlled by it or have a controlling interest in it. 5. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise or on behalf of that enterprise and other enterprises, which are controlled by it or have a controlling interest in it, he will not be considered an agent of independent status within the meaning of this paragraph. 6. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other. | 
